Как настроить статический IP-адрес в Debian 11

Overview

In this tutorial, you will learn how to configure network in Debian to use static IP addresses and DHCP. You will also learn how to configure the DNS name servers, Gateways, and subnets.

• Debian 8 Jessie
• Debian 9 Stretch
• Debian 10 Buster

Network Interfaces Files

Debian’s network interfaces can be configured in two places. The primary location for network configurations is in the /etc/networks/interfaces file.

The second location for network configurations is under /etc/networks/interfaces.d, where you can drop network config files rather than storing everything in the interfaces file.

# This file describes the network interfaces available on your system
# and how to activate them. For more information, see interfaces(5).
source /etc/network/interfaces.d/*
# The loopback network interface
auto lo
iface lo inet loopback
# The primary network interface
allow-hotplug enp0s3
iface enp0s3 inet dhcp

The first thing the interfaces file does it load additional configuration files from /etc/network/interfaces.d, if any files are stored there. It then proceeds to load network configurations from defined below that line.

Setting a Static IP address

iface enp0s3 inet static address 192.168.1.2/24 gateway 192.157.1.1

• static sets the interface as static
• address sets the IP address to 192.168.1.2 and its subnet using CIDR /24, or subnet 255.255.255.0.
• gateway sets the network gateway IP address for routing traffic outside of the interface’s subnet.

This configuration can be added to the interfaces file or written to a configuration file under /etc/network/interfaces.d.

For example, the file could be saved as /etc/network/interfaces.d/enp0s3.conf.

To apply your new network settings you will need to bring the interface down and then back up again.

1. Bring the interface you just updated down.
   ifdown enp0s3
2. Bring the interface back online.
   ifup enp0s3

Verify your network settings are applied correctly. For Debian 10 and Debian 9, you can use the ip a command. For Debian 8 you would use the ifconfig command.

Setting a DHCP Address

A DHCP address is configured as shown in the example below. Unlike the the static IP address it’s a one-liner, as we do not need to set an address or gateway. These values will automatically be assigned by your network.

iface enp0s3 inet dhcp

Applying New Network Settings

To apply your new network settings you will need to bring the interface offline and then back online.

1. Bring the interface down.
   ifdown enp0s3
2. Bring the interface back online
   ifup enp0s3

Verifying network settings in Debian 9 and Debian 10

With Debian 9 and Debian 10 you must use the ip command to view the current state of your network interfaces.

ip a

2: enp0s3: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP group default qlen 1000 link/ether 08:00:27:de:14:99 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff inet 10.0.0.41/24 brd 10.0.0.255 scope global dynamic enp0s3 valid_lft 562759sec preferred_lft 562759sec inet6 2607:fea8:4de0:b900:a00:27ff:fede:1499/64 scope global dynamic mngtmpaddr valid_lft 298sec preferred_lft 298sec inet6 fe80::a00:27ff:fede:1499/64 scope link valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever

In the output of the ip a command we can see that our interface, enp0s3, is in an UP state, has been assigned IP address 10.0.0.41/24. If you set your IP address to 10.0.0.41/24, then your changes have been applied successfully.

Verifying network settings in Debian 8

Network interfaces states can be check in Debian 8 using the ifconfig command.

ifconfig

lo Link encap:Local Loopback inet addr:127.0.0.1 Mask:255.0.0.0 inet6 addr: ::1/128 Scope:Host UP LOOPBACK RUNNING MTU:16436 Metric:1 RX packets:8 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:8 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:0 RX bytes:480 (480.0 b) TX bytes:480 (480.0 b)
p2p1 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 00:1C:C0:AE:B5:E6 inet addr:192.168.0.1 Bcast:192.168.0.255 Mask:255.255.255.0 inet6 addr: fe80::21c:c0ff:feae:b5e6/64 Scope:Link UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1 RX packets:41620 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:40231 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000 RX bytes:21601203 (20.6 MiB) TX bytes:6145876 (5.8 MiB) Interrupt:21 Base address:0xe000

<interface type><bus number><slot number>

enp0s3

On a DHCP network, your Linux system will usually receive an IP address automatically from the DHCP server which, in most cases, is the router. The IP configuration will usually comprise the IPv4 address, the netmask, gateway, and the DNS settings. This is usually convenient for desktop or client PCs which only need to access the internet or network resources.

However, the case is different when you want to set up a server. In this case, you would need to configure a static IP to make the server always available via the same IP address. With DHCP, the IP address is bound to change once the lease time is over leading to the unavailability of the server.

In this guide, we will take you through a walk-through of how to set a static IP on Debian 11. We will demonstrate how you can configure a static IP on both the desktop GUI and server instances.

Prerequisites

There are two ways of configuring a static IP on Debian. You can achieve this using GUI or on command-line.

Configure Static IP Address using the Graphical User Interface ( GUI )

You can verify this using the command shown.

$ ip addr show

In our system, enp0s3 interface is the active link that is assigned the IP address. This may be something else in your case.

To get started with setting the static IP, click on ‘Activities’ on the left far corner. Search for and click on the ‘Settings’ icon.

On the ‘Settings’ page, select the ‘Network’ tab. Next, head over to the ‘Wired’ section and click on the small gear wheel as indicated.

This displays the current IP address configuration as shown. As we confirmed earlier, our current IP address is 192.168.2.104. This has been dynamically allocated to the active interface using the DHCP service.

We are going to override the DHCP settings and manually set a static IP which will persist even upon a reboot.

Click the IPv4 tab. Switch from ‘Automatic’ to ‘Manual’ in the IPv4 method section. Thereafter, specify your desired IP address, netmask, and default gateway. Be sure to also provide the preferred DNS settings.

To apply the changes made, click the ‘Apply’ button.

You need to restart the networking daemon or service for the Debian system to implement the new static IP settings. So, turn the toggle button off and then on.

Click on the gear icon once more to verify that the static IP settings have been applied.

On the terminal, verify that the network interface has acquired the newly configured IP address:

$ ip addr show

The output is a confirmation that the system was successfully configured using a static IP. Let’s now shift gears and explore setting a static IP on the command line.

Configure Static IP Address using the terminal

If you are running a headless server, or are connecting to a remote server via SSH, the only option available is to configure the static IP on the command line.

$ sudo vim /etc/network/interfaces

By default, only the loopback settings are specified.

We are going to specify the IP settings for our active network interface. But before making any changes, make a backup of the configuration file.

$ sudo cp /etc/network/interfaces /etc/network/interface.bak

Specify the IP settings as provided. Ensure to make your settings in accordance with your network subnet.

auto enp0s3iface enp0s3 inet static address 192.168.2.150 netmask 255.255.255.0 gateway 192.168.2.1 dns-nameservers 8.8.8.8 192.168.2.1

To apply the changes, restart the networking service.

$ sudo systemctl restart networking

This will disconnect you from the server if you are connected via SSH. Reconnect using the newly set static IP address.

Conclusion

We have outlined two methods of assigning a static IP on your Debian 11 PC – using GUI and the terminal. The former is the easier option when working on a Debian desktop and the latter comes in handy when configuring a remote server via an SSH client.

When you install a new OS, by default it is configured to obtain a dynamic IP address from the DHCP server. However, sometimes you have to configure the static IP address on your machine. It can be for various reasons like when a service needs to connect through an IP address instead of a domain name or when you are hosting a web server or to give someone remote access to your system. Whatever the reason is, you must know how to configure a static IP in your system. This post will explain to you how to do this.

• Configure Static IP through Command Line
• Configure Static IP through GUI

Let’s get started.

Configure Static IP through Command Line

You can configure the static IP through /etc/network/interfaces file from your command line. However, for this, you first need to know the network interface name.

You can find the currently available network interface by running the below command in Terminal:

$ ip a

The above output of “ip a” command shows that there are two interfaces currently available. We want to configure the static IP for the interface ens33. The current IP address of ens33 is 192.168.72.158 which is dynamically assigned by the DHCP.

Now we will open the interface configuration file and configure static IP for ens33.

$ sudo nano /etc/network/interfaces

auto interface

iface interface inet static

address xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx #enter your IP address
gateway xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx #enter gateway ip address

auto ens33
iface ens33 inet static
dns-nameservers 8.8.8.8 8.8.4.4

Once you have completed the configurations, save and close the file.

Then restart the networking services. Use the below command to do so:

$ sudo systemctl restart networking.service

You can also use the ifdown and ifup command to apply the configuration changes. First, run the ifdown command to bring down the interface:

$ ifdown ens33

Then bring up the interface using ifup:

$ ifup ens33

Now to verify if the IP address has been changed successfully, issue the below command in Terminal:

$ ip a

Configure Static IP through GUI

You can also change the static IP through the Settings utility in your Debian system. To launch the Settings utility in your system, right-click the desktop and then click Settings.

Then from the left pane in the Settings window, select the Network tab.

On the right pane, click the cog icon in front of the network interface you want to configure.

Then in the IPv4 Method, choose Manual.

Now the Addresses field will appear. Enter the IP address, Netmask, and Gateway for your interface. If you also want to set the DNS address manually, switch off the Automatic button and enter the DNS server address.

Here, we have specified 192.168.72.159 as our interface IP address, 255.255.255.0 as netmask, and the 192.168.72.2 ad the default gateway. Then we have specified 8.8.8.8 and 8.8.4.4 as our DNS servers.

Now click the Apply button to apply all the configuration changes.

Now to confirm if the new IP address has been successfully configured, go to the Details tab. Alternatively, you can also use the “ip a” command in Terminal to verify the IP address.

There you have the static IP configuration in Debian 10. Using either the command line or GUI method, you can easily configure the static IP address on your system.

user@debian:~# ip addr show
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN group default qlen 1000 link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00 inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever inet6 ::1/128 scope host valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
2: enp0s3: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP group default qlen 1000 link/ether 08:00:27:33:07:93 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff inet 192.168.1.15/24 brd 192.168.1.255 scope global dynamic enp0s3 valid_lft 86277sec preferred_lft 86277sec inet6 fdd4:a148:ea1:7a00:a00:27ff:fe33:793/64 scope global dynamic mngtmpaddr valid_lft 7078sec preferred_lft 3478sec inet6 fe80::a00:27ff:fe33:793/64 scope link valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever

user@debian:~# sudo nano /etc/network/interfaces

iface enp0s3 inet static	address 192.168.1.15	netmask 255.255.255.0	network 192.168.1.0	broadcast 192.168.255.255	gateway 192.168.1.1	dns-nameservers 192.168.1.1	#dns-nameservers 8.8.8.8 8.8.4.4

user@debian:~# systemctl restart networking

user@debian:~# ip addr show
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN group default qlen 1000 link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00 inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever inet6 ::1/128 scope host valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
2: enp0s3: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP group default qlen 1000 link/ether 92:00:b4:b2:f5:ac brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff inet 192.168.1.15/24 brd 192.168.12.255 scope global enp0s3 valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever inet6 fe80::9000:b4ff:feb2:f5ac/64 scope link valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever

user@debian:~# sudo ifup enp0s3

В этом посте вы узнаете, как настроить статический IP на Debian 11 с использованием двух различных методов. Итак, начнем!

Настроить статический IP-адрес в Debian 11 с помощью терминала

Как проверить доступные сетевые интерфейсы в Debian 11

Вы можете использовать команду » ip «, чтобы получить подробную информацию о доступных в настоящее время сетевых интерфейсах вашей системы. » IP » — это сокращение от » Интернет-протокол «. Команда » ip » — это утилита, используемая сетевыми и системными администраторами в системах на базе Linux для настройки сетевых интерфейсов. В команде » ip » » ссылка » — это подкоманда, добавленная для просмотра и изменения сетевого интерфейса. Запишите приведенную ниже команду в свой терминал Debian 11 для просмотра доступных в настоящее время сетевых интерфейсов:

Как настроить статический IP-адрес в Debian 11

Теперь откройте файл конфигурации сетевых интерфейсов » / etc / network / interfaces » в редакторе nano:

С настройками по умолчанию ваш файл конфигурации сетевых интерфейсов будет выглядеть так:

auto enp0s3
iface enp0s3 inet static
address 192.168.2.2
netmask 255.255.255.0
gateway 192.168.2.2
dns-nameservers 8.8.4.4 8.8.8.8

Чтобы сохранить изменения, внесенные в файл конфигурации сетевого интерфейса, нажмите » CTRL + O «:

Как перезапустить сетевую службу в Debian 11

 systemctl restart NetworkManager.service

Настроить статический IP-адрес в Debian 11 с помощью графического интерфейса.

Из различных категорий, представленных в левом боковом меню, выберите » Сеть «. Откройте настройки активного сетевого подключения, нажав на значок шестеренки:

В открывшемся окне сетевых настроек перейдите на вкладку » IPv4 «. Выберите для своей сети метод IPv4 » Вручную «:

Заключение

Debian 11 предоставляет вам возможность настроить статический IP-адрес для вашей системы, независимо от того, хотите ли вы сделать это для размещения вашего веб-сервера или предоставления кому-либо удаленного доступа. DHCP автоматически включает динамический сервер при установке новой операционной системы. Однако вы можете настроить свой IP-адрес с помощью терминала Debian и графического интерфейса. В этом посте вы узнали, как настроить статический IP-адрес на вашем Debian 11 двумя разными способами.

$ ip add show

$ nmcli connection

$ nmcli con mod 'eth0' ipv4.address 192.168.1.151/24

$ nmcli con mod 'eth0' ipv4.gateway 192.168.1.1

$ nmcli con mod 'eth0' ipv4.method manual

$ nmcli con mod 'eth0' ipv4.dns '8.8.8.8'

$ nmcli connection down eth0
$ nmcli connection up eth0

$ ip add show eth0

$ cat /etc/network/interfaces

$ sudo vi /etc/network/interfaces

# This file describes the network interfaces available on your system
# and how to activate them. For more information, see interfaces(5).
source /etc/network/interfaces.d/*
# The loopback network interface
auto lo
iface lo inet loopback
# The primary network interface
auto enp0s3
iface enp0s3 inet static
 address 192.168.1.183
 netmask 255.255.255.0
 gateway 192.168.1.1
 dns-nameservers 8.8.8.8

$ sudo systemctl restart networking.service

$ ip add show

On a DHCP network, your Linux system will usually receive an IP address automatically from the DHCP server which, in most cases, is the router. The IP configuration will usually comprise the IPv4 address, the netmask, gateway, and the DNS settings. This is usually convenient for desktop or client PCs which only need to access the internet or network resources.

However, the case is different when you want to set up a server. In this case, you would need to configure a static IP to make the server always available via the same IP address. With DHCP, the IP address is bound to change once the lease time is over leading to the unavailability of the server.

Here at , as part of our Server Management Services, we regularly help our Customers to perform related Linux system DHCP queries.

In this context, we shall look into how to set a static IP on Debian 11. This also entails how you can configure a static IP on both the desktop GUI and server instances.

How to Set a Static IP on Debian ?

• If you are running a Debian 11 desktop instance, log in using your username and password. Before we configure the static IP, first confirm the IP address assigned to your system. In our case, we had a Debian PC with an IP address of in a DHCP network.
• Now to verify this, simply execute the below command: $ ip addr show
• From the output of the above command, you will see that enp0s3 interface (Which could be something else in your case) is the active link that is assigned the IP address.
• To get started with setting the static IP, click on » on the left far corner. Search for and click on the » icon.
• On the ‘Settings’ page, select the » tab. Next, head over to the » section and click on the small gear wheel.
• Next, you will see the current IP address configuration. 
• Now, you will see that the system IP address has been dynamically allocated to the active interface using the DHCP service.
• To override the DHCP settings and manually set a static IP which will persist even upon a reboot, follow the below process.
• Click the IPv4 tab. Switch from ‘Automatic’ to ‘Manual’ in the IPv4 method section. Thereafter, specify your desired IP address, netmask, and default gateway. Be sure to also provide the preferred DNS settings.
• To apply the changes made, click the » button.
• You need to restart the networking daemon or service for the Debian system to implement the new static IP settings. So, turn the toggle button off and then on.
• Click on the gear icon once more to verify that the static IP settings have been applied.
• On the terminal, verify that the network interface has acquired the newly configured IP address by running the below command: $ ip addr show 
• The output is a confirmation that the system was successfully configured using a static IP. 

2. How to Configure Static IP Address using the terminal ?

If you are running a headless server, or are connecting to a remote server via SSH, the only option available is to configure the static IP on the command line.

The network configuration settings are stored in the file. You can edit this file by running the below command:

$ sudo vim /etc/network/interfaces

By default, only the loopback settings are specified.

Now, specify the IP settings for our active network interface. But before making any changes, make a backup of the configuration file with the below command:

$ sudo cp /etc/network/interfaces /etc/network/interface.bak

In this file, You can Specify the IP settings as provided below. Also Ensure that your settings is in accordance with your network subnet:

auto enp0s3
iface enp0s3 inet static
 address 192.168.2.150
 netmask 255.255.255.0
 gateway 192.168.2.1
 dns-nameservers 8.8.8.8 192.168.2.1

Finally, To apply the changes, restart the networking service:

$ sudo systemctl restart networking

This will disconnect you from the server if you are connected via SSH. Reconnect using the newly set static IP address.

We can help you

When you install a new OS, by default it is configured to obtain a dynamic IP address from the DHCP server. 

However, sometimes you have to configure the static IP address on your machine. 

It can be for various reasons like when a service needs to connect through an IP address instead of a domain name or when you are hosting a web server or to give someone remote access to your system. 

Whatever the reason is, you must know how to configure a static IP in your system. 

Here at LinuxAPT, as part of our Server Management Services, we regularly help our Customers to configure packages on their Linux Server.

In this context, we shall look into how to set up a static IP in your Linux system. 

How to Configure Static IP in Debian 10?

i. Configure Static IP via Command Line

ii. Configure Static IP via GUI

Now, Let’s get started.

1. How to Configure Static IP via Command Line ?

You can configure the static IP through file from your command line. 

However, for this, you first need to know the network interface name.

i. You can find the currently available network interface by running the below command in Terminal:

$ ip a

«» command shows that there are two interfaces currently available. 

We want to configure the static IP for the interface . 

Let’s say that the current IP address of ens33 is which is dynamically assigned by the DHCP.

Now we will open the interface configuration file and configure static IP for ens33.

$ sudo nano /etc/network/interfaces

auto interface
iface interface inet static
address xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx #enter your IP address
netmask xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx
gateway xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx #enter gateway ip address
dns-nameservers xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx

auto ens33
iface ens33 inet static
address 192.168.72.150
netmask 255.255.255.0
gateway 192.168.72.2 
dns-nameservers 8.8.8.8 8.8.4.4

v. Once you have completed the configurations, and the file.

vi. Then restart the networking services. Use the below command to do so:

$ sudo systemctl restart networking.service

vii. You can also use the and command to apply the configuration changes. First, run the ifdown command to bring down the interface:

$ ifdown ens33

viii. Then bring up the interface using ifup:

$ ifup ens33

ix. Now to verify if the IP address has been changed successfully, issue the below command in Terminal:

$ ip a

2. How to Configure Static IP via GUI ?

You can also change the static IP through the utility in your Debian system. 

i. To launch the utility in your system, right-click the desktop and then click .

ii. Then from the left pane in the Settings window, select the tab.

iii. On the right pane, click the cog icon in front of the network interface you want to configure.

iv. You will see a configuration window where you will see the current IP which is the IP address obtained from DHCP server. 

Go to tab.

v. Then in the IPv4 Method, choose .

Now the field will appear. Enter the IP address, Netmask, and Gateway for your interface. If you also want to set the DNS address manually, switch off the button and enter the server address.

Here, we have specified 192.168.72.150 as our interface IP address, 255.255.255.0 as netmask, and the 192.168.72.2 ad the default gateway. 

Then we have specified 8.8.8.8 and 8.8.4.4 as our DNS servers.

vi. Now click the button to apply all the configuration changes.

vii. Now to confirm if the new IP address has been successfully configured, go to the tab. 

Alternatively, you can also use the » command in Terminal to verify the IP address.